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CLASS 8 · SOCIAL STUDIES · CHAPTER 7

Factors of Production

Simple answers to ten questions about land, labour, capital, entrepreneurship, technology and human capital.

10 worked answersComplete chapter answers
Read the NCERT questions ↗← All chapters

10 worked answers · short steps first, explanations when you need them

Questions and activities

Textbook pages 164–167

Question 1

How are the factors of production different from each other? What difficulties did you face when classifying them in the in-text exercise?

Steps only

Land—natural resources; labour—human work; capital—tools, buildings and funds; entrepreneurship—organising and decisions.

Answer

Technology supports production, and some inputs can overlap.

Question 2

How does human capital differ from physical capital?

Steps only

Human capital is people’s abilities; physical capital is equipment and buildings used for production.

Answer

They complement each other in work.

Question 3

How is technology changing how people develop their skills and knowledge?

Steps only

Technology offers online resources and practice, but learners still need access, guidance and reliable information.

Answer

It changes how people learn and practise skills.

Question 4

If you could learn one skill today, what would it be and why?

Steps only

Name a skill and explain how it would help you or others.

Answer

Answers differ according to each student’s interests.

Question 5

Is entrepreneurship the driving force of production? Why or why not?

Steps only

Entrepreneurs organise inputs and take decisions, while production still depends on all other factors.

Answer

It is an important organiser, not a substitute for other inputs.

Question 6

Can technology replace other factors such as labour? Is this good or bad? Give an example.

Steps only

Give an example of a machine replacing a task, then consider productivity, jobs, skills and safety.

Answer

Technology can replace some tasks but also creates a need for new human skills.

Question 7

How do education and skill training affect human capital? Can they substitute for each other or do they complement each other?

Steps only

Education develops knowledge; training develops practical ability. Together they usually strengthen human capital.

Answer

They mostly complement each other.

Question 8

Imagine you start a business making steel water bottles. What inputs are needed and how would you obtain them? What happens if a factor is missing?

Steps only

List materials and workspace, workers, machines and finance, plus an organiser; explain how a missing input disrupts production.

Answer

Production depends on all factors working together.

Question 9

Interview an entrepreneur or founder about their motivation, opportunities and challenges, then prepare a report.

Steps only

Ask about motivation, opportunity, inputs, customers, challenges and lessons; summarise with permission.

Answer

Base your report on a real interview.

Question 10

What might Ratna do if rent doubles, a helper leaves, she gets a technology loan, a competitor opens nearby, or business rules change?

Steps only

Compare costs and benefits, protect workers and customers, and respond to competition through quality and service.

Answer

Choose actions using evidence about the restaurant’s costs and customers.

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