CLASS 8 · SOCIAL STUDIES · CHAPTER 5
Clear model answers to all nine end-of-chapter questions about voting rights, elections, representation and participation.
9 worked answers · short steps first, explanations when you need them
Textbook pages 110–111
Question 1
It gives adults an equal voice, broadens representation and lets voters hold leaders accountable.
Universal adult franchise is a foundation of representative democracy.
Question 2
A secret ballot keeps each person’s choice private and protects voters from pressure.
Privacy helps voters choose freely.
Question 3
Direct: citizens choose an MP or MLA. Indirect: an electoral college chooses the President.
The difference is who casts the final vote for the office.
Question 4
Citizens directly elect Lok Sabha MPs; elected State legislators generally elect Rajya Sabha members indirectly.
The two Houses use different methods of election.
Question 5
Mention faster counting, less paper handling and fewer wrongly marked ballots, along with the need for safeguards.
EVMs offer practical advantages when used with reliable checks.
Question 6
List local barriers, then suggest awareness, accurate lists and accessible, convenient polling.
Use local evidence because reasons vary between cities and groups.
Question 7
Reservation helps communities facing historical exclusion elect representatives and be heard in Parliament.
Reserved seats support fairer representation.
Question 8
Balance faster information and participation against misinformation, harassment and manipulation.
Social media’s effect depends on responsible, transparent use.
Question 9
Select both elections, record candidate, party, votes, margin and turnout, then compare using a reliable results source.
Answers vary by constituency and year; cite the data source.