10 worked answers · short steps first, explanations when you need them
Discuss and write in brief
Textbook pages 28
Question 1
What was the 1848 revolution of the liberals? What political, social and economic ideas did liberals support?
Steps only
Liberals wanted constitutional nation-states, civil equality, fewer aristocratic privileges and freer trade; voting rights were often limited.
Answer
Liberals wanted constitutional nation-states, civil equality, fewer aristocratic privileges and freer trade; voting rights were often limited.
Question 2
Give three examples of how culture helped nationalism grow in Europe.
Steps only
Romantic art and folk culture, shared languages and national symbols such as Marianne and Germania.
Answer
Romantic art and folk culture, shared languages and national symbols such as Marianne and Germania.
Question 3
Using two countries, explain how nations developed during the nineteenth century.
Steps only
Italy united through nationalist leaders and popular forces; Prussia united Germany through diplomacy and wars, completing unification in 1871.
Answer
Italy united through nationalist leaders and popular forces; Prussia united Germany through diplomacy and wars, completing unification in 1871.
Question 4
How was the history of nationalism in Britain different from that in the rest of Europe?
Steps only
Britain formed gradually under English dominance through unions, unlike the revolutionary unification of many European states.
Answer
Britain formed gradually under English dominance through unions, unlike the revolutionary unification of many European states.
Question 5
Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?
Steps only
Ottoman decline, competing nationalist claims, territorial disputes and great-power rivalry made the Balkans unstable.
Answer
Ottoman decline, competing nationalist claims, territorial disputes and great-power rivalry made the Balkans unstable.
Question 6
Write short notes on Mazzini, Cavour, the Greek independence struggle, the Frankfurt Parliament and women in nationalist struggles.
Steps only
Mazzini organised nationalism; Cavour led Italian diplomacy; Greeks won independence; Frankfurt’s assembly failed; women participated but lacked political rights.
Answer
Mazzini organised nationalism; Cavour led Italian diplomacy; Greeks won independence; Frankfurt’s assembly failed; women participated but lacked political rights.
Question 7
What steps did French revolutionaries take to create a shared national identity?
Steps only
Citizenship, tricolour, national songs, common laws, common weights and measures, and a shared language.
Answer
Citizenship, tricolour, national songs, common laws, common weights and measures, and a shared language.
Question 8
Who were Marianne and Germania, and why were they portrayed as they were?
Steps only
They personified France and Germany; symbolic clothing and objects represented national values and unity.
Answer
They personified France and Germany; symbolic clothing and objects represented national values and unity.
Question 9
Briefly trace German unification.
Steps only
The Frankfurt attempt failed; Bismarck and Prussia unified Germany through wars, culminating in 1871.
Answer
The Frankfurt attempt failed; Bismarck and Prussia unified Germany through wars, culminating in 1871.
Question 10
What changes did Napoleon make to improve administration in the territories he ruled?
Steps only
Common laws, equality before law, property rights, simpler administration, fewer feudal restrictions and improved transport.
Answer
Common laws, equality before law, property rights, simpler administration, fewer feudal restrictions and improved transport.