4 worked answers · short steps first, explanations when you need them
Exercises and activities
Textbook pages 69–70
Question 1
Choose the correct answers: (i) Which industry uses bauxite as a raw material? (ii) Which industry makes telephones and computers?
Steps only
(i) Aluminium smelting.
Answer
(i) Aluminium smelting.
(ii) The electronic industry. Bauxite is the principal ore used to produce aluminium, while electronics manufacture devices such as telephones and computers.
Question 2
Answer briefly: (i) What is manufacturing? (ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Steps only
(i) Manufacturing is processing raw materials into more valuable finished goods, often using labour, machines and power.
Answer
(i) Manufacturing is processing raw materials into more valuable finished goods, often using labour, machines and power.
(ii) Basic industries supply materials to other industries. Iron and steel is an example because many industries use steel to make their products.
Question 3
Answer in about 120 words: (i) How do industries pollute the environment? (ii) What steps can reduce industrial environmental damage?
Steps only
(i) Industries can pollute air with smoke and gases, water with untreated chemicals and hot effluents, and land with solid waste.
Answer
(i) Industries can pollute air with smoke and gases, water with untreated chemicals and hot effluents, and land with solid waste. Machines and transport create noise. Heavy use of water and groundwater can also harm local supplies.
(ii) Treat wastewater before release, recycle water, use cleaner fuels and energy-efficient machinery, install filters and scrubbers, manage waste and ash safely, develop green belts and monitor emissions. Industries should follow environmental standards and involve local communities in checking impacts.
Question 4
Complete the industry word clues and make a local agro-based and mineral-based industry project.
Steps only
Word clues: (i) power (ii) workers (iii) market (iv) retailer (v) product (vi) manufacture (vii) pollution.
Answer
Word clues:
(i) power
(ii) workers
(iii) market
(iv) retailer
(v) product
(vi) manufacture
(vii) pollution. For the project, identify one agro-based and one mineral-based factory. List their raw materials, other inputs and transport needs, then check public information or speak with staff about pollution controls and environmental rules. Do not enter factory premises without permission.